Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Addressing Employee Relations And Human Resource Management

Addressing Employee Relations As she sat in her office in Winnipeg, Britney MacPherson thumbed through a textbook on human resource management. As manager of the Winnipeg location of Maple Leaf Shoes, she was responsible for the day-to-day operations of the facility. However, Britney was finding her job particularly challenging—although she had a B.Com., which she received in 1994 from a well-known Ontario university, her training had been focused on accounting and finance and she had had only one course in human resource management. Things were unravelling in Winnipeg, and Britney knew that she needed help. Unfortunately, her phone calls and emails to head office in Wilmington, Ontario, brought little assistance. The company policy regarding employee communications was quite simple: â€Å"What goes on at the company stays at the company.† This policy was communicated regularly to all employees. However, Joan Jorgenson, a clerk in the office, had violated this policy. A couple of weeks ago, Joan had struck up a conversation with a coworker, Natalie King. During their talk, Natalie had mentioned that she had recently moved from Wilmington to Winnipeg, because, according to Natalie, a senior member of management in the Wilmington office had become enraged when Natalie refused his sexual advances. He had threatened Natalie with dismissal, but after a short discussion an agreement was reached that Natalie would move to the Winnipeg location. Joan became enraged when she heard NatalieShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of an Organizations Performance Management System1538 Words   |  7 Pagessystematic and purposeful. In order to explain the impact that a performance management system can have on other areas of human resource management, it is necessary to define the relationship between a performance management system and human resource management. First, a performance management system is one area of human resource management. It is now becoming a strategic issue for organizations, in their pursuit of addressing deficiencies in the performance of employees in a timely manner; channelingRead MoreEmployee Attitude and Satisfaction in a Prison1318 Words   |  5 PagesEmployee Attitude and Satisfaction in a Prison Name Course Professors Name Date of Submission Employee Attitude and Satisfaction in a Prison: As a new warden at a large prison in America, I have noticed that the prison is plagued with several physical quarrels and gang loyalties that are divided along racial lines. In addition, the prison staff has had several problems that are related to racial identity as evident in staff arrangement based on racial groups during a turnout before shift-changeRead MoreEffective Employee Benefit and Compensation Program1662 Words   |  7 Pagesforce planning is a similar human resource tool that facilitates an organization long term accomplishment and sustainability. Work force planning is in fact a systematic approach that is used for identifying and addressing calculated gaps or discrepancies of the availability of human resources currently available with respect to the future needs and anticipated skill of the human resource needed to cater the future challenges of an organization. Subsequently the human resource planning forms the summativeRead MoreConcept and Origin of Human Resourc e Management1869 Words   |  7 Pagesinherent part of management, which is connected to an organizations human resource. It aims at maintaining better human relations in the organizations development, application, and evaluation of policies. This includes procedures and programs that relate to human resource to optimize their contribution in their quest for organizational goals. Concisely, human resource management deals with achieving better results with collaboration of people (Drucker, 2002). Personnel management is an integral butRead MoreA Company s Total Rewards Program1227 Words   |  5 Pagesrates and trends. There are many ways to measure the perceived success of a company’s rewards program; I believe attrition rates and performance management are key metric to use to decipher total program value. Attrition rates are key data used to gauge the value of a company’s rewards program. Employee retention is the most important talent management strategy. Linking the total rewards program to turnover can help HR professionals attract and retain top talent. When employees are treated as assetsRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1508 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Human resource management (HRM) is the managing of human skills and talents to make sure they are used effectively and in alignment with an organization’s goals† (Youssef, 2012). The primary role of human resource management is to plan, develop, and order policies and programmers designed to make prompt use of an organization’s human resources. It is that part of management which is concerned with the people at work and with their relationship within an organization. I currently work for a HumanRead MoreHrm Activities774 Words   |  4 Pages(HRM) ACTIVITIES HR management is composed of several groups of interlinked activities taking place within the context of the organization . All managers with HR responsibilities must consider external environmental forces like : 1-legal 2-political 3-economic 4-social 5-cultural Read MoreThe Framework of Human Resource Management920 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The essay will introduce the reader to the framework of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices that can help companies deal with sustainability, globalization and technology challenges. The essay is divided into 4 broad sections which are the four dimensions that form the framework of HRM practices. In each of the sections, there will be examples of HRM practices within each area. Managing the Human Resource Environment Noe et al (2010) mention that managing internal and externalRead MoreA Business Life Cycle Of Assessing, Planning, And Acting The Data From The Assessment Phase1383 Words   |  6 Pagesmake recommendations based on projections, and leaders to make decisions supported by evidence. The first business product developed or refined as a result of this analysis is the business strategy. The business strategy guides management decisions on the utilization of resources and activities to ensure all business equities are working towards common objectives. During the assessments one of the most fundamental of performance measures is financial performance. To understand a business’ financial performanceRead MoreHuman Resource Management And The Bureaucratic Era1222 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Resource Management is a vital function in any organisation and operates in legal and social environments that are becoming increasingly complex. It is defined as the process and practice of managi ng and advising executives on staff recruitment, selection, retention and development (Clegg, Kornberger Pitsis 2011). In the post-bureaucratic era, these management styles have altered to cater towards satisfying employees through intrinsic rewards by providing pride, relationships, meaning and

Monday, December 16, 2019

Comparative Essay Leadership Lord of the Flies and Animal...

Comparative essay: Leadership in Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm Essay question: You are required to write a comparative essay. You should compare one aspect of the texts such as theme, conflict, character or relationship. The texts are ‘Lord of the Flies’ and ‘Animal Farm’. The two books, Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm circle around the themes of power, leadership, law, disorder, good and evil. On a personal level, these themes come up in the way people relate to each other: How they interact, who becomes a follower, a manipulator, who takes responsibility, who becomes a victim and who a perpetrator. In the two books both Jack and Napoleon stick out as having so called leadership qualities. Leadership, as shown in†¦show more content†¦Signaling that he is tough enough to survive on his own, he presents himself to the others as a strong personality. This makes Jack attractive to the other boys, who want to join the self confident, courageous and enthusiastic boy. Jack has taken Ralph’s role as a leader and seems to have made it more exiting and enjoyable for the boys, by going hunting and wearing face paint. â€Å"Some of you will stay here to improve the cave and defend the gate. I shall take a few hunters with me and bring back meat. â€Å"(pg. 177) Jack gives clear instructions and tries to build up cooperation within the tribe. Napoleon, in Animal Farm, is a large, rather fierce looking Berkshire boar. He rises to power in two stages: As a pig, he belongs to a privileged class and uses this position to strengthen his influence on the animals. He has only one rival: Snowball, who acts as the chief of Animal Farm. Gradually, Napoleon starts resisting to Snowballs plans for various projects and instigates the animals against Snowball. â€Å"Comrades, do you know who is responsible for this? Do you know the enemy who has come in the night and overthrown our windmill? SNOWBALL! He suddenly roared in a voice of thunder, Snowball has done this thing! In sheer malignity, thinking to set back our plans and avenge himself for his ignominious expulsion.† (pg. 47) Eventually he convinces the dogs to dispose of Snowball from Animal Farm. By using theShow MoreRelatedIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 PagesDraft of Edition II Kay Williamson’s 1983 Preface to the Second Edition The study of Igbo has advanced enormously since the first edition of this dictionary, and the standardization and development of the language have also progressed under the leadership of a group of dedicated linguists and the enthusiasts of the Society for Promoting Igbo language and Culture. A dictionary of Standard Igbo is now seriously needed; it is hoped that the present work will be one of the sources for such a dictionaryRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7Read MoreConfucianism in Journey to the West31834 Words   |  128 PagesMoreover, this thesis adds to the general pool of comparative textual-visual research. It illustrates the different methods of message conveyance that are used within different types of media, which is useful for any type of comparative multimedia study. After an introductory section, this thesis will have a theoretical section, a section containing relevant background information, and a methodology section. Next, it will present a thorough comparative discourse[7] analysis. This analysis is based onRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesprimary data on the movement but to analyze and re-analyze the growing body of scholarly and popular literature on the movement, including sociological and anthropological studies, biographies, monographs, dissertations, published and unpublished essays, and periodical articles. Archival sources, such as newspaper reports, policy statements, pamphlets, and organization manuals have also provided useful information. Chapter 1 reviews and reï ¬ nes Webers theory of charisma and routinization, usingRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesValues 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 OrganizationalRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages3 THE CRITICAL ROLE OF MANAGEMENT SKILLS The Importance of Competent Managers 6 The Skills of Effective Managers 7 Essential Management Skills 8 What Are Management Skills? 9 Improving Management Skills 12 An Approach to Skill Development 13 Leadership and Management 16 Contents of the Book 18 Organization of the Book 19 Practice and Application 21 Diversity and Individual Differences 21 Summary 23 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 24 Diagnostic Survey and Exercises 24 Personal Assessment of ManagementRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesGeneral Electric expects to receive 60 percent of its revenue growth from developing countries in the next ten years.3 Toyota makes cars in Kentucky. Mercedes sport utility vehicles are made in Alabama.4 Quintessentially American company John Deere makes farm equipment in Illinois to ship to Russia, makes equipment in China to ship to the Middle East, and its tractors made in Germany and India go to the United States. Tractors made in the United States are assembled with parts received from twelve countries

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Environmental Pollution free essay sample

Additionally, it has been demonstrated that some earthworms are able to increase metal uptake by plants, thus increasing the metal availability, one of the main limitation of phototypesetting, thereby improving efficiency of petrifaction (Went et al. , 2004). The obtaining organisms studied in this work were deficit worms, are one of the major botheration agents in freshwater environments (Fisher et al. 1980). According to Cunningham (1999), difficult are small burrowing worms often about 2-5 CM long and roughly 1 mm in diameter when fully mature.By feeding its head down in muddy sediments, consuming sediments at depth and depositing undigested material at the sediment-water interface, they could lead to downward sediment migration. Such sediment could be recycled through the feeding zone many times before ultimate burial below the deepest feeding zone (Motifs et al. , 1999). Deficit has a major effect on exchange Of redo-sensitive species across the sediment? water interface y its metabolism on prevention of the establishment of an OIC layer at the top of the sediment (Inasmuch et al. They are looking for ways in which humans can live and prosper without harming the environmental for future generation. (Brennan, 2006) Page. 122 Author: Mathew J Brennan Book Title: The New Book of Knowledge Copyright: 2006 by Scholastic library publishing, Inc. â€Å"What is pollution? † Pollution is defined as the alteration of our surroundings, wholly or largely as a by- product of man’s action, through direct or indirect effect of changes in every pattern, radiation levels, chemical and physical constitution and abundance of organism pollution as used here will mean, the presence in air and water of pollution in greater quantity than what is normally contained in this elements pollutants in a scene, come from man-made source and, generally effect air and water in large amounts. (Sanchez and Agpaoa, 1997 181) â€Å"History† History says that even in the early years of this Century typhoid fever and other enteric diseases were major causes of death, with many epidemics traced-producing viruses and bacteria paratyphoid and salmonellosis. In the letter half of the 20th Century we are still dumping enormous amount of untreated human wasted into our water ways, as a result, shellfish has become a carrier of hepatitis aquatic borne viral diseases of unknown source have increased and water of many beaches have been declared unsafe. Raw human health, contributes to direct, disruption of the environment when discharged into ponds, lakes and water ways, nitrogen and phosphates from water increases the nutrients of the water this is turn results in the growth of vast number of minutes, aquatic plant’s principally algae and phytoplankton eventually the increase of the plants produce a conditions termed eutrophication. The ecological process of enrichment and aging of water bodies. (The White House, Nov. 1965) Air Pollution Air pollution come from four main sources transportation power generation industry, and waste incineration of these, the biggest contributor to air pollution transportation particularly motor vehicle, motor vehicle emit carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons. Nitrogen oxides, photochemical oxidants, industry release sulfur dioxide particulates, nitrogen oxide particulates nitrogen oxides, and photochemical oxidants. (Brennan, 2006) Page. 122 Water Pollution The pollution we dump into our water and to the land is as varied as those intruded into the atmosphere. There have been dramatic examples of what can happen when water is severely polluted by petroleum leakage. Solid Waste Pollution Another pollution problem that confronts, the Philippines, today is the accumulation of Solid Waste. These maybe refuse such as garbage’s, rebbish or trash and ashes or junks and other things man throws away anywhere. Dumped trashes. Lead Pollution Sources most causes of lead poisoning occur among children who eat chips of lead containing paint that of the ceilings and walls of deteriorated houses. Lead points are widely used for home interiors and in many city slums. Where buildings have been poorly kept, 15 percent to 20 percent of children between ages of one to five, show evidence of lead poisoning. Noise pollution Noise is an environmental pollutant which is the least known and the least publicized. It is any loud and unpleasant sound in a modern-day urban setting such metro manila. Noise is everywhere in our home offices factories, restaurant and trees. It has multiplied itself to such a degree that it produces discomfort annoyance and even conflict between passenger’s drivers who switch on their radios or stereos sets extremely loud. â€Å"Following suggestion on how we can control Air Pollution† 1. Traffic rules and regulations should be raised. 2. Fuel used in industry and motor vehicle should contain less sulfur and lead. 3. Toxic gases and other pollution in factories, power and industrial plants must be controlled by the used of devised likes precipitators, scrubbers, cyclones after burnes, absorber and etc. 4. Efficient incineration and sanity hand fill should be used as community refuse disposal method. 5. Ordinances on proper refuse collections and disposal should be strictly enforced and new regulation enacted if necessary. Device are presently being developed to remove the solid particle and undesirable gases from automobile exhausts and garbage’s result in unsanitary surrounding these things attacks disease carrying insects. III- Effects â€Å"Effects of Environmental Pollution† The important problem in air pollution is its effects upon health. 1. Pollution can cause or worsen bronchitis gastroenteritis and colitis, flu, tuberculosis and pneumonia the five leading killer disease of the Philippines not to mention asthma and other respiratory diseases. 2. General discomfort like eye-irritation, difficulty in breathing and increase are also brought about air pollution. 3. Mental performances of individuals can be dulled and their reaction showed making them more prone to accidents. 4. Pollution diminish working efficiency and productivity of workers and this effects the economy of the country and even of the World as a whole IV- Solution A. Control of Air Pollution There are three basics approaches to the control of air pollution preventive measures, such as changing the raw materials used industry or the ingredients of fuel, dispersal measured, such as raising the heights of smoke takes, and the collection measured such as designing equipment to trap pollutants before they escape into the atmosphere nearly all the highly industrialized countries, the World some from type of legislation to prevent and control air pollution. One difficulty is that pollutants may be carried by the wind from one country to other, often of distance of thousands of miles, the death of lakes in the United States. Acids produced in Poritain and France has cause damage in Sweden. In the United States control of air pollution is chiefly the responsibility of the states and local government all the states have air quality management programs which are patterned after Federal Laws. The basics federal law dealing, with air pollution is the clean air act of 1970. The act was last amended in 1990, under this law the Federal Environment Protection set standards for air quality the Agency also place limits on the amounts, of pollutant that could be given off by cars. Factories and other sources of pollutant’s the states and industries were expected to develop and carry our plants to meet this standards, some of the federal deadline could not be meet, and they were extended several times. â€Å"Pollution Environmental† Environmental Pollution is any discharge of material or energy, into water, land or air that causes or may cause acute (short term) or chronic (long term) detriment to the earth’s ecological balance or that lower the quality of life pollutant may cause primary damage, with direct identifiable impact on the environment, or secondary in the form of minor perturbations in the delicate balance of the biological food web that are detectable only over long time periods. (Cadle, 1992) page. 415

Sunday, December 1, 2019

The Contributors And Their Contributions To Modern Security Essay Example For Students

The Contributors And Their Contributions To Modern Security Essay The Contributors and their Contributions to Modern SecurityThe need for security has been around since the beginning of recorded time. Many came together in an effort to protect themselves and their belongings, from such threats as animals, weather and other humans. This grouping also made it easier to find food and satisfy their need for socialization. They donned weapons, erected walls, built barriers, and made laws, in an attempt to shield themselves from danger and fear. Humans evolved, as did their types of security, weaponry and barriers. Often, rulers selected individuals to aid in the enforcement of laws, as well as provide security for the ruler himself. Many of those individuals were men chosen from the military, which were often ruthless, and dangerous. The Romans relied upon the military force of the legions. To place the military on a stable foundation and disperse the power that the legions held, Augustus, the Emperor of Rome, created The Praetorian Guard, a type of bod yguard police, The Urban Cohorts, which were comprised of soldiers with police and military duties. Also, The Vigiles, large groups of firefighter police. We will write a custom essay on The Contributors And Their Contributions To Modern Security specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now During the Middle Ages, the Serfs, working for Noblemen, who answered to the King, worked the land, provided arms and fought in the Kings’ wars. In exchange, the Serfs received food and security from the noblemen. Anglo-Saxons brought the idea of mutual responsibility for protection of individuals. Tithings, a Grouping of ten families, collectively assumed responsibility for maintaining law and order. The tithing system was later replaced with the Frankpledge system after the Norman Conquest. The Frankpledge system demanded that all free Englishman swear to keep the peace. The Magna Charta, challenged the feudal system during King John’s reign as his lords revolted and forced him to sign, giving all Englishmen â€Å"due process† of law. The Magna Charta is the basis for modern justice. The Statute of Westminster formalized the practice in criminal justice and apprehension of criminals. The watch and ward system required townsmen to patrol the cities during the night, while the constables patrolled during the day. Those who did not serve were placed in the stocks. The hue and cry system served as alarm for the citizens of the town or city. When a criminal resisted the watchman cried out and the people of the town came to his aid. Enforcement of the hue and cry was brought about by the assize of arms, which required every male between fifteen and sixty years of age to keep a weapon in the home as a â€Å"harness to keep the peace.† Many merchants were not satisfied with the quality of the protection provided them, therefore they hired private police. These private police guarded their businesses, investigated crimes, and recovered stolen property. Oliver Cromwell attempted to use his army as a police force as a means of crime prevention. There was no effective police mechanism between the people and his army. Therefore, the people resisted and the watch and ward system remained the primary crime control procedure until the industrial revolution. The Industrial Revolution of England brought about many changes. Famine hit the rural community, forcing many into the cities to find jobs at mills and factories. Crime intensified within the cities brought on by the countless poverty stricken people trying to survive. Furthermore, Political extremists triggered angry mobs, which caused riots. Because there was no organized police to handle riots, a magistrate ordered the â€Å"Riot Act† and called in the military. In London, 1748 Henry Fielding was made the Chief Magistrate of Bow Street. During this period of time there was no police force. He was known for his leniency in dealing with petty theft. He also wrote and published pamphlets about the poverty in London, and the causes of the rising crime. Fielding envisioned an idea that the p eople may join forces, go out into the streets, and stop crime before it had a chance to cause ruin. .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 , .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 .postImageUrl , .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 , .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53:hover , .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53:visited , .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53:active { border:0!important; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53:active , .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53 .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1c3d3dd0c74cbcda8b95d3ae8a07db53:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bioethics EssayFielding chose six men to form a volunteer force. These men â€Å"swept clean† the Bow Street area. Many were arrested, and the rest fled from the neighborhood. Even after Henry Fielding’s death, his brother John carried on his ideas. The Bow Street volunteers eventually became a professional outfit known as the Bow Street Runners, the first detective agency in England. In 1785, William Pitt proposed a bill to establish a strong police force, to act through out the city. The bill was rejected by the press, the public and the justices and was defeated. Another attempt at reform in 1792, his Middlesex Justice bill established seven public offices, each having three paid magistrates, and six paid constables. Patrick Colquhoun was one of the magistrates under Pitt’s Justice bill. Colquhoun offered â€Å" A Treatise on the Police of Metropolis† and showed startling statistics pointing out the need for a large police force, and also believed in separating the police from judicial power. His treatise was a milestone in using statistics in correlation with crime. Sir Robert Peel, â€Å"the father of modern policing†, originated the Metropolitan Police of London in 1829. The police were appointed and paid by the city, and their objective was to be the prevention of crime. Sir Robert Peel had nine principles regarding the police:? The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder. ? The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of police actions. ? Police must secure the willing co-operation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public. ? The degree of co-operation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionately to the necessity of the use of physical force. ? Police seek and preserve public favour not by catering to public opinion but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law. ? Police use physical force to the extent necessary to secure observance of the law or to restore order only when the exercise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be insufficient. ? Police, at all times, should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and the public are the police; the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full-time attention t o duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community welfare and existence. ? Police should always direct their action strictly towards their functions and never appear to usurp the powers of the judiciary. ? The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it. Although the objective was on crime prevention, the focus eventually turned to investigation and apprehension of criminals. Therefore, the need for private police was still great. Allen Pinkerton was one of the developers of the railroad police, as well as contract security forces. He was appointed the deputy sheriff of Cook County, and in 1843, Chicago’s first detective. Pinkerton later resigned his position due to economic pressure. He then started the Pinkerton National Detective agency, and focused on apprehending railroad criminals, and setting up security systems for railroads. During the Civil War, Pinkerton was called on by President Lincoln to establish a secret service department, where he did intelligence work for the Union Army. In the 1860’s and 70’s Pinkerton’s agency received National attention by apprehending train robbers and bandits. Currently Pinkerton Inc. is the largest private security organization in the U.S. It became a public corporation in 1965 and continues to grow annually. *Quotes taken from Introduction to Private Security And Introduction to Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice 6th ed. by Karen M. Hess Henry M. Wrobleski. Legal Issues